Total hardness 1 ppm maximum.
Steam boiler water hardness.
Feedwater hardness usually ranges from 0 01 to 2 0 ppm but even water of this purity does not provide deposit free operation.
An increase in temperature results in an increase in electrical conductivity.
Water treatment recommendations vary depending on the operating pressure of the boiler the application steam or hot water and other parameters.
This can be written as.
Feed water purity requirements therefore can vary widely.
However boiler water is deliberately softened to prevent scale formation and this gives it a propensity to foam.
It is desirable to keep the concentration of phosphates in the water to 30 50 ppm in order for complete reaction of the phosphates with the calcium hardness entering the.
Non volatile toc total organic carbon oily matter.
For boiler water the conductivity increases at the rate of approximately 2 of the value at 25 c for every 1 c increase in temperature.
The quality of feedwater required is dependent on boiler operating pressure design heat transfer rates and steam use.
Phosphates are used to react with calcium hardness in the boiler water.
A low pressure fire tube boiler can usually tolerate high feed water hardness with proper treatment while virtually all impurities must be removed from water used in some modern high pressure boilers.
Colloidal substances contamination of boiler water with a colloid in suspension for example.
Broken down by feed water and boiler water and then by firetube.
A boiler water sample has an unneutralised conductivity of 5 000 μs cm at 25 c.
Another reason that the loss of hot boiler water is serious is because it increases the humidity in the boiler room and will contribute to the malfunction and failure of electrical controls safety devices and other electrical equipment.
General guidelines to prevent corrosion and scaling in low pressure boilers are as follows.
The concentration of minerals in the water is referred to as the water hardness.
Total silica 150 ppm maximum.
In order for this reaction to take place it is important to maintain a ph at a minimum value of 9 50.
Hardness hard water does not foam.
Total alkalinity 600 ppm maximum.
Water hardness levels are typically checked manually through the use of chemical reagents but such measurements are time consuming and can result in incorrect readings.
This value will limit the silica content of the steam to 0 25 ppm as a function of selective.
Milk causes violent foaming.
Colloidal particles are less than 0 000 1 mm in diameter and.